Exercise plays a key role in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). If done regularly, it may slow down the progression of the disease. It usually includes stretching, strength training and aerobic activities. An exercise program should be individualized and should be based on the patient's ability level so as to maintain flexibility, mobility and general well-being. It is usually recommended by the rehabilitation specialist who works hand in hand with a physical therapist.
Dr. M. Schenkman, et. al, did a a randomized, controlled trial in 1998 at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, USA, on how exercise can improve spinal flexibility and function for people with Parkinson's disease. The study showed improvements in axial mobility and physical performance within a 10-week exercise program for people in the early and midstages of PD.
In another study done by Dr. Victur Lun, et.al, in 2005, the effects of a self-supervised home exercise program were compared with the effects of a physiotherapist-supervised exercise program on the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. There was note of a statistifically significant improvement on the motor symptoms for both programs with similar effectiveness.
The above findings are important in the counseling of PD patients regarding adjunctive treatment of motor symptoms of PD with exercise.
Some of the benefits of regular exercise for the person with Parkinson’s disease are as follows:
Improved control over gross motor movements, such as walking
Increased muscle strength and flexibility
Increased cardiovascular fitness
Improved coordination and balance
Improved posture
Reduced muscle cramping
Greater confidence in performing daily activities
Reduced stress levels
Improved joint mobility
General recommendations on getting started are the following:
Spend at least 15 minutes of exercise every day.
A thorough stretching program that targets each joint and muscle group is recommended.
Warm up and cool down for a few minutes like marching in place or stretching.
Begin with the easiest exercises first and slowly perform the more difficult exercises as your
fitness increases.
Try to execute each movement to the best of your ability.
Stop and rest if you get tired at any point during your exercise program to prevent worsening of
your symptoms.
Stop performing any exercise that causes you pain.
If you get tired easily, try exercising earlier in the day.
Try to make exercising fun by exercising with others or playing your favourite music.
If you are at risk of falling or freezing (sudden inability to move), general safety suggestions include the following:
Sit down when you do your exercises.
Grab a chair when performing standing exercises.
Avoid floor exercises if you can’t get up by yourself.
Don't exercise alone even at home so you can ask help if necessary.
Exercise with others.
Call for assistance from a family member or friend.
Aim to build up to 8–10 repetitions of each exercise. Ideally, the exercise program should target the following:
Overall fitness Muscle flexibility
Legs
Head and shoulders
Arms and torso
Face
Hands and wrists
References:
1. Movement Disorders Volume 20, Issue 8, pages 971–975, August 2005
2. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Oct;46(10):1207-16.
